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【Understanding and Learning about LEDs】2. Why does light have color?

【Understanding and Learning about LEDs】2. Why does light have color?

Light has wavelengths, which is why it appears in many colors like a rainbow.

Light is a type of electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm are visible light, or "light," to our eyes. When sunlight passes through a prism, it splits into multiple colors of light, resembling a rainbow. Our eyes perceive light as white when it contains a mixture of all wavelengths of visible light, and even when only red, green, and blue light are mixed together, it is still perceived as white light. These three colors—red, green, and blue—can be combined in various amounts to create almost all colors of light. Therefore, these three colors are referred to as the primary colors of light, as they serve as the basic colors for synthesis.

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Learn about LEDs: 1. Why do LEDs light up?

Learn about LEDs: 1. Why do LEDs light up?

The excess energy created when electrons collide becomes the light of the LED.

The LED that emits light is made up of n-type semiconductors, which have a high concentration of negative electrons, and p-type semiconductors, which have a high concentration of positive electrons. When current flows through this, positive and negative electrons collide vigorously and combine. At this moment, the energy they possessed becomes more stable at a lower energy level, and the excess energy is released as light (emission occurs at the junction). This is the principle of light emission in LEDs. Unlike traditional light bulbs that utilize light emitted from a filament heated by electricity, LEDs convert electricity directly into light, resulting in characteristics such as low power consumption and long lifespan that are not found in conventional lighting.

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Understanding and Learning about LEDs: 4. What is a High Color Rendering White LED?

Understanding and Learning about LEDs: 4. What is a High Color Rendering White LED?

Developing light that is closer to natural light.

White LEDs are used as the lighting source, but there are several methods to create that white light. One method is to combine red, green, and blue LEDs. This method has good color rendering properties but faces challenges in terms of cost and luminous efficiency. Therefore, a method that combines blue LEDs with yellow phosphors has been used so far, as it allows for relatively easy attainment of high luminous efficiency. However, this method has the drawback that the emitted color is a pseudo-white, making it unsuitable for applications that require high color rendering properties. Additionally, there is a method that creates white light by combining near-ultraviolet LEDs with blue, red, and green phosphors, but this is said to have issues with brightness. In response, Citizen Electronics has adopted a method that uses blue LEDs to excite red and green phosphors. This method serves as a light source for LEDs with high color rendering properties while overcoming challenges related to cost and efficiency.

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What is color rendering?

What is color rendering?

It is the property that the appearance of color changes even for the same object depending on the light source.

When the light source changes, the same color can appear differently. This property of how the light source affects the perception of color is called color rendering. A light source is said to have good color rendering if the way colors appear is close to how they look under natural light (sunlight), and conversely, it is said to have poor color rendering if it does not. In Japan, color rendering is assessed based on the JIS color rendering evaluation method, which is based on the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) evaluation method, and is generally expressed using the average color rendering index (Ra). Generally, if Ra is 80 or above, it can be said to have good color rendering. The difference in color rendering among light sources is due to the varying intensities of each wavelength contained in the light source. This can be understood by comparing the spectral distributions of each light. For example, natural light (sunlight) contains light of different wavelengths almost uniformly within the visible light range (380nm to 780nm), whereas white fluorescent lights have considerable variation in the distribution of the wavelengths of light they contain. The closer the spectral distribution of a light source is to that of natural light, the more similar the appearance of colors will be to those under natural light, resulting in better color rendering. Citizen Electronics is committed to developing products that focus on color perception. Product list: https://ce.citizen.co.jp/products/led_category

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